Ship breaking or ship demolition is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for scrap recycling. Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound. It is amongst the most dangerous of occupations, with unacceptably high levels of fatalities, injuries and workrelated diseases. Ship breaking, existing laws, safety of workers, environmental hazards, child labor. Ship dismantlinga status report on south asia aims to present the prevailing. Pdf ship breaking industries and their impacts on the local. Owner of a ship recycling plotyardfacility means any person or. The ship breaking and recycling industry in bangladesh and. The study areas were separated into ship breaking zone and reference site for comparative analysis. Although the imo aims to establish a global maritime environmental legal system, legal actions relating to the shiprecycling period are still in their infancy compared to the laws governing the shipconstruction and shipoperation periods. Marine pollution prevention of pollution from ships act. Ypsa published an environmental study conducted by dr md.
They conclude that the main barriers to a greener ship recycling industry lie in fear of job losses and a lack of strict regulations for ship owners or lenders in the secondhand shipping or scrap trade. Ship dismantling a status report on south asia ngo. Monitoring the drastic growth of ship breaking yards in. Environment pollution is a widereaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. During ship breaking, oil residues and other refuses from ships are spilled and mixed with soil and water on the beach, causing widespread pollution of the marine environment and threatening the life of coastal and marine biodiversity hossain and islam, 2006. Ship recycling is the activity of complete or partially dismantling of a ship at ship breaking yard in order to recover components and materials for reprocessing and reuse. It begins with a brief overview of the major environmental media or mechanisms through which transport can affect the. Marpol is the main international agreement covering all types of pollution from ships. So many issues come up during breaking ships which remains beyond our knowledge. This study reveals the carbon footprint and resources consumed in the cutting of steel.
The shipbreaking industry witnesses several violations in its daily operations including environmental pollution, dearth of safety regulations and accidents caused due to it, worker exploitation, and inadequate waste management facilities. Alang and sosiya on the west coast in the state of gujarat, india. Key trends and credit implications analyst contacts summary opi k. Brussels, 23 march 2012 the european commission today proposed new rules to ensure that european ships are only recycled in facilities that are safe for workers and environmentally sound. Poor management practices and inadequate plans are the main reasons for these. The research was carried out to assess the trace metal concentration in sediments of ship breaking area in bangladesh. Ship breaking in south asia is concentrated in three places. Subsequently, at its 53rd session in july 2005, the marine environment protection committee mepc agreed that the imo should develop, as a high priority, a new instrument on recycling of ships with a view to providing legally binding and globally applicable ship recycling regulations for international shipping and for recycling facilities. Accumulated hazardous material amounts from ship breaking and recycling in bangladesh and pakistan. Some issues have been observed like the existing government laws and enforcement, safety of workers, health and working environment. This lowers the demand for mined iron ore and reduces energy use in the steelmaking process.
Chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures range of regulations and restrictions. An overview the issue of unsustainable ship recycling, with hazardous working practices and environmental pollution, mostly in southeast asian yards, has been for several years a key area of concern for global ngos and the international shipping industry. Environmental menace of ship breaking industry and. Department of agriculture usda facilities, administered lands, and activities.
India still breaks the majority of the ships in the world. This study focuses on the ship breaking and recycling industry sbri of bangladesh to assess the environmental impacts. Aug 09, 2018 the problems facing the community indulged in the trade is alarming. Less than 10% of all shipbreaking operations comply with minimal environmental, labor, and human health standards. A requiem for environmental justice from the perspective of bangladesh, by md saiful karim routledge, 2018, 150 pp. Marpol annex vi and the act to prevent pollution from ships. Md saiful karim, prevention of pollution of the marine. Pollution generated by dismantling of ships impairs ecological settings. Exxon mobil, the parent company of the oil tanker, entered a court battle with u. Asbestos was used in old ships as a heat insulator. Alangsosiya ship breaking yard gujarat, india nevitably an undertaking of this magnitude in a sensitive coastal area has generated a variety of problems social, cultural, environmental, economic and political. Table es 2 main cost and profit margins of ship breaking and recycling in bangladesh and pakistan, mid20094 table es 3. Ship recycling reducing human and environmental impacts.
The government responded with the adoption of the ship recycling code in 20, and the gujarat maritime board gmb set up a waste reception facility. Ship breaking activities are a source of lethal pops. Ship breaking industries and their impacts on the local people and environment of coastal areas of bangladesh article pdf available june 2017 with 1,096 reads how we measure reads. Cruise ship pollution and environmental impact the popularity of cruise ship holidays is on the rise, with cruise passenger figures increasing yearonyear. Terrible working conditions environment pollution due to emission of toxic and pollutant gases employment generation about two hundred thousand workers. However, due to growing anthropogenic impacts, this area is under considerable environmental pressure from both physical and chemical stress factors. Ypsa organized social campaign program to raise the voice of the mass people about ensuring of the workers rights and save the environment and ecology from the pollution that generated from the unsafe and uncontrolled ship breaking practices.
Even though there is no such law regarding ship breaking and on top of that no one is even concerned about the environmental hazard which is leading the country to an outrageous environmental exposure. This paper provides the insight view about the affects of environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution, water and land soil waste pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals and trees plants. Ship breaking and recycling industry in bangladesh and pakistan december 2010 maria sarraf. Ship breaking or recycling in bangladesh has been a catalyst for the economy.
Introduction ship recycling is the activity of complete or partially dismantling of a ship at ship breaking yard in. Ship dismantlinga status report on south asia aims to present the prevailing condition in ship breaking yards across the indian subcontinent, particularly india and bangladesh. Heavy metals, ship breaking yard, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index. Ship breaking or ship demolition is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for either a source of parts, which can be sold for reuse, or for the extraction of raw materials, chiefly scrap. Heavy air pollution at ships graveyard times of india. Ship breaking activities and its impact on the coastal zone.
Reuse of scrap iron and steel, which is the most important output of the ship breaking industry, is an environment. Worker rights violation shipbreaking in bangladesh. Ship dismantling, also popularly referred to as ship recycling is a process of breaking down a ship when it competes its life tenure. Resource use and pollutant emissions due to ship recycling in india 29. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessels structure for scrapping or disposal. Beaching of vessels for shipbreaking legal, illegal o. The pakistani ship breaking industry seems to be in irreversible decline and is therefore hardly mentioned in this report. An overview presented by iftekhar uddin chowdhury, phd. Dirty and dangerous shipbreaking in alang, india ejatlas. After its construction ships will continue to have impacts throughout their operational lives, and right through until their final dismantling. Pdf heavy metal pollution in sediments at ship breaking. It involves a wide range of activities from removing all the gear and equipment that are on the ships to cutting down and recycling the ships infrastructure.
Spcb means state pollution control board and is the. Based on the potential ecological risk index the ship breaking site posed to low risk to the environment. The industry severely threatens the surrounding natural environment. Heavy metal pollution in sediments at ship breaking area of bangladesh. Chittagong ship recycling industry linked to carcinogenic air pollution 6 research, carried out in chittagong, bangladesh, has found that shipbreaking. Location of shipbreaking yards in bangladesh 2 seminar on ship breaking and ship recycling in bangladesh and compliance with international regulations 17012012 department of naval architecture and marine engineering bangladesh university of engineering and technology 1. The negative impacts hinder the sustainable development of the shipbreaking industry. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Noise pollution from ship traffic doubles every decade. The problems and prospect of ship breaking industry in.
As there are no asbestos disposal procedures, during scrapping, workers and the surrounding environment are exposed to the asbestos fibers. Ship breaking or ship recycling is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessels structure for scrapping or disposal, conducted on a dismantling yard. The vast coastal and marine resources that occur along the southern edge of bangladesh make it one of the most productive areas of the world. The coastal environment of sitakunda is severely contaminated by various processes related to shipbreaking i. In a globalized world, the world trade fleet plays a pivotal role in limiting transport costs. Modern ships have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years before. Shipbreaking allows the materials from the ship, especially steel, to be recycled and made into new products. But, the management of obsolete ships is an acute problem, with most ship recycling facilities srf situated in developing countries. This study focuses on the ship breaking and recycling industry sbri of bangladesh to. Waste management dysfunctional at most shipbreaking yards. Chittagong on the shores of sitakund on bay of bengal, bangladesh. Pollution can be made by human activity and by natural forces as well fereidoun et al, 2007. Ship breaking, or the dismantling and demolition of outofservice oceangoing vessels, has become.
Rw12 pollution of marine environment in bangladesh by. This paper covers the details of how shipbreaking becoming the. Ship dismantling of bangladesh is a reason of concern due to its economic values and environmental hazards. Ecological risk posed by heavy metals contamination of. The ship is sailed into the beach either under its. Technology has begun to solve some pollution problems, and public awareness of the extent of pollution will eventually make government bodies to be more proactive rather than. Rw12 pollution of marine environment in bangladesh by shipping and the preventive methods khairul hassan department of maritime engineering, graduate school of engineering, kyushu university, fukuoka, japan abstract shipping is one of the most prominent sources of the pollutants that pollute the waterways. Ship breaking activities and its impact on the coastal. Most ships have a lifespan of a few decades before there is so much wear that refitting and repair become uneconomical.
Ship breaking is carried out in countries with weak regulatory framework and law enforcement, increasing risks of substandard working conditions and worker exploitation. This study seeks to strengthen the knowledge base with respect to competitiveness and profitability of the ship breaking and recycling industry sbri and to investigate the feasibility of ship breaking countries in this region, specifically bangladesh. As the majority of yards have no waste management systems or facilities to prevent pollution, shipbreaking takes an enormous toll on the surrounding environment, local communities, fishery, agriculture, flora and fauna. Ship breaking is clearly a pollution haven industry since it has moved from several. Ship breaking industries and their impacts on the local. Environmental pollution ship breaking in bangladesh. At the national level, however, the government welcomed pollution as evidence of progress and prosperity, and consequently very few of the environmental pollution control measures contained in the factories act 1911 and the mining law 1905 were. Aug 25, 2012 the vast coastal and marine resources that occur along the southern edge of bangladesh make it one of the most productive areas of the world. However, cruise ships have long been associated with a bleak environmental impact due to waste generation and carbon emissions. There is no cause for worry about environmental pollution, according to maharashtra pollution control board mpcb officials, who echo the views of the firms employed in ship breaking at. The ship breaking and recycling industry in bangladesh and pakistan english abstract. Description, methodology, characterization and performance study ship breaking industries of bangladesh are mainly concentrated in sirakund bhatiary to barwalia, just north of chittagong city on the bay of bengal. Impact of shipbreaking activities on the coastal environment.
Cruise ship pollution and environmental impact abc tourism. Pdf ship breaking industries and their impacts on the. Shipbreaking practices in bangladesh, india and pakistan. Shipbreaking activities have caused serious negative environmental and social impacts. The beach is exclusively mud covered by cutoffs from the. Karims book critically examines the role of the imo in the prevention and control of pollution of the marine environment from vessels, with a particular reference to the current northsouth tensions regarding the strategy for combating climate change in the maritime sector as well as the prevention of marine pollution from the ship. Current ship breaking is centred primarily in pakistan, india, bangladesh and china. Ship breaking allows materials from the ship, especially. Marpol was developed through the international maritime organization imo, a united nations agency that deals with maritime safety and security, as well as the prevention of marine pollution from ships. The results of present study clearly indicated that the ship breaking site was moderately polluted with heavy metals and pose low risk to the ecosystem. Shipbreaking has grown into a major occupational and environmental health problem in the world. Chapter the problems associated with environmental and labour conditions have increased in number and complexity.
The manual provides objectives, policy, responsibilities, and technical standards and requirements under which the department plans to manage the various environmental programs to achieve compliance with. Ship breaking industry of pakistan and its environmental. Since ship breaking involves highly labor intensive work, the sbri has gravitated to countries with availability of low wage labor. Oceangoing ships, both mainly owned and used for their trade by industrial countries, are demolished, together with their toxic materials, in poorer countries. Environmental pollution united states department of. Impacts and challenges of a large coastal industry. Heavy metal pollution in sediments at ship breaking area of. Ship breaking and recycling industry of bangladesh. Figure es 3 a ship ready for breaking in gadani, pakistan. Environmental status of bangladeshs and pakistans ship breaking and. Suggested legal framework for prevention of shipbreaking pollution. At the outset, the paper depicts how the ship breaking activities are swerving the coastal and marine environment of south asia region into a hub of pollution. I congratulate the authors for taking up this valuable and welltimed, demand needed project.
Ship breaking activities and enforcing agencies scmc. Approximately 34,000 tonnes of oil were leaked into the pacific ocean, one of the worst oil spills in u. An average sized ship contains up to 7 tonnes of asbestos, which is often sold in the local communities after scrapping. Enviroleg cc marine pollution prevention of pollution from ships act p 2 owner, in relation to a ship, means the person or persons registered as owner of the ship, or, in the absence of registration, the person or persons to whom the ship belongs, but, in relation to a ship belonging to a state and which is operated by a person registered as the. Ship breaking and recycling industry sbri in bangladesh. Another piece of research looks at the environmental impact of shipbreaking in a portuguese ship recycling yard.
Biological pollution disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment. Thereafter, the major centers of the ship breaking and recycling industry sbri first moved from europe and north america to east asia and, since the 1980s, to south asia. Health hazards and risks vulnerability of ship breaking workers. Maruf hossain and mahammad mahmudul islam entitled ship breaking activities and its impact on the coastal zone of chittagong, bangladesh. As there are no asbestos disposal procedures, during scrapping, workers and the surrounding environment. Reducing human and environmental impacts contents towards a safe, more sustainable future for ship recycling 3 editorial.
Nevertheless, this ship dismantling industry is also veering into a cemetery for environment by causing irreparable coastal and marine environmental hazards. Key trends and credit implications analyst contacts summary opi. They are renowned for their controversial work and safety conditions and their environmental impact. Environmental pollution usually occurs as a result of energy conversions and the use of resources which leaves their byproducts behind in water, soil or air. Coast, bangladesh with analysis of relevant international issues. Pollutants discharged from ship breaking and its impact. This paper focuses on the ship breaking and recycling industry sbri of bangladesh to access its present situation, impact on environment as well as worker rights and safety. A study of the pollution caused by ship scrapping in alang, india, shows significantly higher levels of heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment and seawater, compared to a control site. Shipbreaking practices in bangladesh, india and pakistan 6 1 introduction 1. There are thousands of people involved in this industry. Asbestos powder found near the ship breaking yards. The lack of containment to prevent toxins from entering the environment. According to the report of jim puckett international conference on the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, 2009, the beaching method whereby ships are run grounded on ocean beaches for cutting and breaking apart in the intertidal zone can never be achieved in a manner which is environmentally.
Toxic spills and water pollution cause adverse effects on. A status report on south asia european external action service. Key trends and credit implications icra rating services page 3. As one of the ship disposal techniques, ship dismantling involves the retired ships to be stripped off their machinery, barring the valueadding materials which are rightfully reused for new ships or for. The problems and prospect of ship breaking industry in bangladesh. It may also be known as ship dismantling, ship cracking, or ship recycling. This is why ship breaking industry is not subject to any environmental laws or health and safety regulations for workers in bangladesh. Ship breaking is a difficult course of action due to the structural complication of ships.